
/* ::::: http://onlinelibrarystatic.wiley.com/css/jquery.fancybox-1.3.1.css ::::: */

#fancybox-loading { position: fixed; top: 50%; left: 50%; height: 40px; width: 40px; margin-top: -20px; margin-left: -20px; cursor: pointer; overflow: hidden; z-index: 1104; display: none; }
* html #fancybox-loading { position: absolute; margin-top: 0px; }
#fancybox-loading div { position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; width: 40px; height: 480px; background-image: url('fancybox.png'); }
#fancybox-overlay { position: fixed; top: 0px; left: 0px; bottom: 0px; right: 0px; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(0, 0, 0); z-index: 1100; display: none; }
* html #fancybox-overlay { position: absolute; width: 100%; }
#fancybox-tmp { padding: 0px; margin: 0px; border: 0px none; overflow: auto; display: none; }
#fancybox-wrap { position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 20px; z-index: 1101; display: none; }
#fancybox-outer { position: relative; width: 100%; height: 100%; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(255, 255, 255); }
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#fancybox-close { position: absolute; top: -15px; right: -15px; width: 30px; height: 30px; background-image: url('fancybox.png'); background-position: -40px 0px; cursor: pointer; z-index: 1103; display: none; }
#fancybox_error { color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font: 12px/20px Arial; padding: 7px; margin: 0px; }
#fancybox-content { height: auto; width: auto; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; }
#fancybox-img { width: 100%; height: 100%; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; border: 0px none; outline: 0px none; line-height: 0; vertical-align: top; }
#fancybox-frame { position: relative; width: 100%; height: 100%; border: 0px none; display: block; }
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.fancybox-title-inside { padding: 10px 0px; text-align: center; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); }
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#fancybox-title-wrap { display: inline-block; }
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#fancybox-right-ico { background-image: url('fancybox.png'); background-position: -40px -60px; }
#fancybox-left:hover, #fancybox-right:hover { visibility: visible; }
#fancybox-left:hover span { left: 20px; }
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.fancybox-ie .fancy-bg { background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% transparent ! important; }

/* ::::: http://onlinelibrarystatic.wiley.com/css/wolReset.css ::::: */

html, body, div, span, applet, object, iframe, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, blockquote, pre, a, abbr, acronym, address, big, cite, code, del, dfn, em, font, img, ins, kbd, q, s, samp, small, strike, strong, sub, sup, tt, var, b, u, i, center, dl, dt, dd, ol, ul, li, fieldset, form, label, legend { margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; outline: 0px none; font-size: 100%; vertical-align: baseline; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% transparent; }
table, caption, tbody, tfoot, thead, tr, th, td { margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; outline: 0px none; font-size: 100%; vertical-align: baseline; }
input, textarea { margin: 0px; padding: 0px; }
input, textarea, select { font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-weight: inherit; }
input, textarea, select {  }
body { line-height: 1; }
ol, ul { list-style: none outside none; }
blockquote, q { quotes: none; }
blockquote:before, blockquote:after, q:before, q:after { content: none; }
table { border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; }
address, caption, cite, code, dfn, em, strong, th, var { font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; }
caption, th { text-align: left; }
select:focus, input:focus { outline: 0px none; }
body h1 *, body h2 *, body h3 *, body h4 *, body h5 *, body h6 *, body b * { font-weight: bold; }
body em * { font-style: italic; }

/* ::::: http://onlinelibrarystatic.wiley.com/css/pageStructure.css ::::: */

#issuesByYear .issues:after { content: "."; visibility: hidden; display: block; height: 0px; clear: both; }
#issuesByYear .issues { display: block; }
body { font-size: 62.5%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: Arial,"Lucida Grande",Geneva,Verdana,Helvetica,Lucida Sans Unicode,sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); margin-left: -2em; }
a img { vertical-align: bottom; }
.tocArticle a img { vertical-align: inherit; }
a { text-decoration: none; outline: 0px none; color: rgb(0, 126, 138); }
a:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
a:focus { outline: 0.1em dotted gray; }
a.selected { color: rgb(178, 121, 0); font-weight: bold; }
p { margin: 0px 0px 1em; }
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sup { line-height: 0.7em; vertical-align: super; white-space: nowrap; font-size: 0.8em; }
em { font-style: italic; }
legend, table th, strong, .subSectionHeading p a { font-weight: bold; }
abbr { border-bottom: 1px dashed rgb(231, 231, 231); cursor: help; }
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dl, p, dt { line-height: 1.3em; }
dt { clear: left; }
cite { display: block; }
label { cursor: pointer; }
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h1 { margin: 0px; font-size: 2em; color: rgb(93, 93, 93); }
h2 { margin: 0px 0px 1em; }
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#content { width: 77.4em; float: right; margin: 0px 0px 1em; }
#mainContent { width: 54.3em; float: left; }
#fullWidthContent { margin: 0px 0px 1em 0.8em; overflow: hidden; }
#skip { position: absolute; left: 0px; top: -50em; }
#skip a:active, #skip a:focus { position: static; }
#header { min-height: 11.2em; position: relative; background-image: url('bg.gif'); background-repeat: repeat-x; border-top: 1px solid rgb(202, 202, 202); background-position: center top; z-index: 101; overflow: hidden; }
#globalMessaging { width: 100%; }
#globalMessaging ul { border-bottom: 2px solid silver; padding: 1em 1em 0.5em; background-color: rgb(225, 233, 235); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); }
#globalMessaging li { margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 2em; line-height: 1.4em; }
#globalMessaging .globalError { background: url('error.png') no-repeat scroll 0px 0px transparent; }
#globalMessaging .globalWarning { background: url('warning.png') no-repeat scroll 0px 0px transparent; }
#globalMessaging .globalInformation, #globalMessaging .maintenanceMessage, #globalMenu p a#help { background: url('questionMark.png') no-repeat scroll 0px 0px transparent; }
#globalMenu { position: absolute; left: 0px; bottom: 0px; height: 9.3em; margin: 1.9em 0px 0px 0.8em; width: 45em; text-align: left; }
#globalMenu div { background: url('wolIconsNew.gif') no-repeat scroll 0px -745px rgb(233, 239, 240); min-width: 36em; position: absolute; bottom: 0px; left: 5.9em; }
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#globalMenu p a#home { background: url('wolIconsNew.gif') no-repeat scroll 100% -254px transparent; }
#globalMenu #resourcesMenu { display: none; }
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#header #coBranding img { margin: 4.6em 0px 0px; }
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ul#langOptions a.cn { border-right: 1px solid rgb(50, 50, 50); padding-right: 0.5em; }
ul#langOptions, ul#langOptions a { color: rgb(50, 50, 50); }
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ul#langOptions + #pdfMetaData h1 { width: 60%; }
ul#langOptions + #pdfMetaData { margin-top: -0.8em; }
#productTitleAndVolume #productTitle { display: block; }
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#login h2 { color: rgb(46, 45, 45); padding: 0.25em 0.5em 0px 0.8em; margin: 0px; }
#login #loggedIn { padding: 1em 0.5em 0px 0.8em; }
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#login #loggedIn .profile .subMenu li a:hover { background-color: rgb(0, 105, 118); text-decoration: none; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
#login #loggedIn .options a { color: rgb(50, 50, 50); }
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#breadcrumb li a { color: rgb(62, 62, 62); }
#indexBottomLeftCorner, #indexBottomRightCorner { background: url('wolIconsNew.gif') no-repeat scroll 0% 0% transparent; position: absolute; width: 24px; height: 23px; }
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.menuGroup .titleTools .getSampleCopy { background-position: 0px -389px; }
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.menuGroup .titleTools .citationAlertAdded { background-position: 0px -556px; }
.menuGroup .titleTools .printCopyPurchased { background-position: 0px -264px; }
#searchSite.searchForm { background: url('wolSpriteBackgrounds.gif') no-repeat scroll -601px 0px transparent; padding-left: 2px; }
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/* ::::: http://onlinelibrarystatic.wiley.com/css/simpleForm.css ::::: */

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/* ::::: http://onlinelibrarystatic.wiley.com/css/mrwNonDesigned.css ::::: */

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/* ::::: http://onlinelibrarystatic.wiley.com/css/society.css ::::: */

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/* ::::: http://onlinelibrarystatic.wiley.com/css/wol.euCookie.css ::::: */

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/* ::::: http://onlinelibrarystatic.wiley.com/css/js.css ::::: */

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/* ::::: http://onlinelibrarystatic.wiley.com/css/chosen.css ::::: */

.chzn-container { position: relative; display: inline-block; }
.chzn-container .chzn-drop { background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color rgb(170, 170, 170) rgb(170, 170, 170); -moz-border-top-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; border-image: none; position: absolute; top: 29px; left: 0px; box-shadow: 0px 4px 5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15); z-index: 999; }
.chzn-container-single .chzn-single { background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(center bottom , rgb(238, 238, 238) 0px, white 50%); border-radius: 4px 4px 4px 4px; background-clip: padding-box; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); display: block; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; position: relative; height: 26px; line-height: 26px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 8px; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); text-decoration: none; }
.chzn-container-single .chzn-single span { margin-right: 26px; display: block; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; text-overflow: ellipsis; }
.chzn-container-single .chzn-single abbr { display: block; position: absolute; right: 26px; top: 8px; width: 12px; height: 13px; background: url('chosen-sprite.png') no-repeat scroll right top transparent; }
.chzn-container-single .chzn-single abbr:hover { background-position: right -11px; }
.chzn-container-single .chzn-single div { border-radius: 0px 4px 4px 0px; background: -moz-linear-gradient(center bottom , rgb(204, 204, 204) 0px, rgb(238, 238, 238) 60%) repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 0px; display: block; height: 100%; width: 18px; }
.chzn-container-single .chzn-single div b { background: url('chosen-sprite.png') no-repeat scroll 0px 1px transparent; display: block; width: 100%; height: 100%; }
.chzn-container-single .chzn-search { padding: 3px 4px; position: relative; margin: 0px; white-space: nowrap; z-index: 1010; }
.chzn-container-single .chzn-search input { background: url('chosen-sprite.png') no-repeat scroll 100% -22px, -moz-linear-gradient(center bottom , white 85%, rgb(238, 238, 238) 99%) repeat scroll 0% 0% transparent; margin: 1px 0px; padding: 4px 20px 4px 5px; outline: 0px none; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-family: sans-serif; }
.chzn-container-single .chzn-drop { border-radius: 0px 0px 4px 4px; background-clip: padding-box; }
.chzn-container-single-nosearch .chzn-search input { position: absolute; left: -9000px; }
.chzn-container-multi .chzn-choices { background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(center bottom , white 85%, rgb(238, 238, 238) 99%); border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: text; overflow: hidden; height: auto ! important; position: relative; }
.chzn-container-multi .chzn-choices li { float: left; list-style: none outside none; }
.chzn-container-multi .chzn-choices .search-field { white-space: nowrap; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; }
.chzn-container-multi .chzn-choices .search-field input { background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% transparent ! important; border: 0px none ! important; outline: 0px none; box-shadow: none; }
.chzn-container-multi .chzn-choices .search-field .default { color: rgb(153, 153, 153); padding: 5px; }
.chzn-container-multi .chzn-choices .search-choice { border-radius: 3px 3px 3px 3px; background-clip: padding-box; background-color: rgb(228, 228, 228); background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(center bottom , rgb(228, 228, 228) 0px, rgb(238, 238, 238) 70%); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border: 1px solid rgb(180, 180, 180); line-height: 13px; padding: 1px 19px 2px 6px; margin: 3px 0px 3px 6px; position: relative; }
.chzn-container-multi .chzn-choices .search-choice span { cursor: default; }
.chzn-container-multi .chzn-choices .search-choice-focus { background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(212, 212, 212); }
.chzn-container-multi .chzn-choices .search-choice .search-choice-close { display: block; position: absolute; right: 3px; top: 4px; width: 12px; height: 13px; font-size: 1px; background: url('chosen-sprite.png') no-repeat scroll right -1px transparent; }
.chzn-container-multi .chzn-choices .search-choice .search-choice-close:hover { background-position: right -12px; }
.chzn-container-multi .chzn-choices .search-choice-focus .search-choice-close { background-position: right -12px; }
.chzn-container .chzn-results { margin: 0px 4px 4px 0px; max-height: 190px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 4px; position: relative; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: auto; }
.chzn-container-multi .chzn-results { margin: -1px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; }
.chzn-container .chzn-results li { display: none; line-height: 80%; padding: 7px 7px 8px; margin: 0px; list-style: none outside none; }
.chzn-container .chzn-results .active-result { cursor: pointer; display: list-item; }
.chzn-container .chzn-results .highlighted { background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(56, 117, 215); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.chzn-container .chzn-results li em { background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(254, 255, 222); font-style: normal; }
.chzn-container .chzn-results .highlighted em { background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% transparent; }
.chzn-container .chzn-results .no-results { background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(244, 244, 244); display: list-item; }
.chzn-container .chzn-results .group-result { cursor: default; color: rgb(153, 153, 153); font-weight: bold; }
.chzn-container .chzn-results .group-option { padding-left: 20px; }
.chzn-container-multi .chzn-drop .result-selected { display: none; }
.chzn-container-active .chzn-single { box-shadow: 0px 0px 5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3); border: 1px solid rgb(88, 151, 251); }
.chzn-container-active .chzn-single-with-drop { border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); box-shadow: 0px 1px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255) inset; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(center bottom , white 0px, rgb(238, 238, 238) 50%); border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; }
.chzn-container-active .chzn-single-with-drop div { background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% transparent; border-left: medium none; }
.chzn-container-active .chzn-single-with-drop div b { background-position: -18px 1px; }
.chzn-container-active .chzn-choices { box-shadow: 0px 0px 5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3); border: 1px solid rgb(88, 151, 251); }
.chzn-container-active .chzn-choices .search-field input { color: rgb(17, 17, 17) ! important; }
.chzn-disabled { cursor: default; opacity: 0.5 ! important; }
.chzn-disabled .chzn-single { cursor: default; }
.chzn-disabled .chzn-choices .search-choice .search-choice-close { cursor: default; }
.chzn-rtl { direction: rtl; text-align: right; }
.chzn-rtl .chzn-single { padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 8px; }
.chzn-rtl .chzn-single span { margin-left: 26px; margin-right: 0px; }
.chzn-rtl .chzn-single div { left: 0px; right: auto; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-radius: 4px 0px 0px 4px; }
.chzn-rtl .chzn-single abbr { left: 26px; right: auto; }
.chzn-rtl .chzn-choices li { float: right; }
.chzn-rtl .chzn-choices .search-choice { padding: 3px 6px 3px 19px; margin: 3px 5px 3px 0px; }
.chzn-rtl .chzn-choices .search-choice .search-choice-close { left: 5px; right: auto; background-position: right top; }
.chzn-rtl.chzn-container-single .chzn-results { margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 4px; }
.chzn-rtl .chzn-results .group-option { padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 20px; }
.chzn-rtl.chzn-container-active .chzn-single-with-drop div { border-right: 0px none; }
.chzn-rtl .chzn-search input { background: url('chosen-sprite.png') no-repeat scroll -38px -22px, -moz-linear-gradient(center bottom , white 85%, rgb(238, 238, 238) 99%) repeat scroll 0% 0% transparent; padding: 4px 5px 4px 20px; }

/* ::::: http://onlinelibrarystatic.wiley.com/css/fullText.css ::::: */

#fulltext .para { clear: both; }
#fulltext p { line-height: 1.5em; }
#fulltext sup { vertical-align: super; font-size: 0.8em; white-space: nowrap; line-height: 0.7em; }
#fulltext h3 sup { display: inline-block; line-height: 1em; cursor: pointer; }
#fulltext sub { vertical-align: sub; font-size: 0.8em; line-height: 0.7em; white-space: nowrap; }
#fulltext .noteGroup cite { display: inline; }
#fulltext .smallCaps { font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase; }
#fulltext .fixed-roman { font-style: normal; }
#fulltext .inlineGraphic { vertical-align: middle; }
#fulltext h3 { font-size: 1.8em; margin: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0px; line-height: 120%; }
#fulltext h4 { font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); }
#fulltext h4 * { font-weight: bold; }
#fulltext h5 { font-size: 1.4em; line-height: 1.4em; margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); }
#fulltext h6 { font-size: 1.2em; margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); }
#fulltext a { text-decoration: underline; }
#fulltext a:hover { text-decoration: none; }
#fulltext .definitionList .listPairedTitle { font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.2em; margin: 0px 0px 1em; display: block; }
#fulltext .definitionList dl { margin: 0px 0px 1em; overflow: hidden; }
#fulltext .definitionList dt { width: auto; float: none; margin: 0px 1em 0px 0px; overflow: visible; font-weight: bold; }
#fulltext .definitionList dt * { font-weight: bold; }
#fulltext .definitionList dd { float: none; margin-left: 2em; }
#fulltext .definitionList dd p { font-size: 1em; margin: 0px; width: 55em; }
#fulltext div.equation { width: 80%; margin: 0px auto 1em; }
#fulltext div.equation li { clear: left; font-size: 1.2em; overflow: hidden; }
#fulltext div.equation li img { max-width: 100%; vertical-align: bottom; }
#fulltext div.equation img.equation { margin: 0px 1em 1em 0px; float: left; }
#fulltext div.equation div.math { margin-right: 3em; }
#fulltext div.equation .number { float: right; }
#fulltext ul li .text .equation li { font-size: 1em; width: 100%; display: block; }
#fulltext img.equation { vertical-align: middle; }
#fulltext .chemicalStructure { width: 80%; margin: 1em auto; clear: both; }
#fulltext .chemicalStructure li { clear: both; overflow-y: hidden; overflow-x: auto; }
#fulltext .chemicalStructure img { margin: 0px 1em 1em 0px; padding-bottom: 20px; float: left; }
#fulltext .chemicalStructure .content { float: right; }
#fulltext .chemicalStructure .caption { width: 70%; float: right; }
#fulltext .figure { width: 80%; margin: 2em auto; overflow: hidden; }
#fulltext .figure li { clear: both; }
#fulltext .figure img { margin: 0px 1em 1em 0px; float: left; }
#fulltext .figure .caption { width: 70%; float: right; }
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#fulltext ul.plain li .blockFixed .graphic .video, #fulltext ul.plain li .blockFixed .graphic .para p { text-indent: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-left: 0px; }
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#fulltext .figure .caption div.table td { font-size: 0.85em; }
#fulltext .figure .caption div.table table { width: 100%; }
#fulltext .figure .caption img.inlineGraphic, #fulltext .figure .caption img, #fulltext .p span img.inlineGraphic { float: none; margin: 0px; }
#fulltext a.figZoom { clear: left; float: left; text-indent: 0px; }
#fulltext #graphicalAbstract { overflow: hidden; }
#fulltext #graphicalAbstract img { margin: 0.5em 1.5em 1.5em 0px; }
#fulltext #graphicalAbstract .para img { margin: 0px; }
#fulltext #graphicalAbstract .para { clear: none; }
#fulltext .biographies { width: 100%; margin: 1em auto; clear: both; }
#fulltext .biographies li { clear: both; }
#fulltext .biographies img { margin: 0px 1em 0.5em 0px; float: left; }
#fulltext .headingCont { margin: 0px 0px 1em; background-color: rgb(233, 239, 240); padding: 0.4em; z-index: 1; }
#fulltext .headingCont label { display: none; }
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#fulltext .custom li input { margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 0.5em; }
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#fulltext .custom li label { display: block; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2.6em; }
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#fulltext div.section div.para ul.custom li ul.custom div.text { width: 62em; float: right; margin-left: 0px; }
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#fulltext ul.innerPlain { margin: 0px 0px 0px 2.7em; }
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#fulltext ul.plain li ul.innerBullet li p { padding-left: 1.6em; }
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#fulltext .innerCustomList li img.bullet { margin: 0.4em 0px 0px 1em; float: left; display: block; }
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#fulltext ol#references li { margin: 0px 0px 0px 30px; list-style-position: outside; }
#fulltext .computerCode { width: 80%; margin: 0px auto 1em; }
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#fulltext .computerCode .lineatedText .line { line-height: 1.5em; font-family: monospace,Monaco,"Andale Mono","Lucida Console","Bitstream Vera Sans Mono","Courier New"; margin: 0px; }
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#fulltext .dialogue ol { list-style-type: decimal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1.5em; }
#fulltext .dialogue p { margin: 0px 0px 1em 2em; }
#fulltext .dialogue .speaker { font-weight: bold; color: rgb(93, 93, 93); margin: 0px 1em 0px -2em; }
#fulltext .graphic { width: 80%; margin: 0px auto 1em; overflow: auto; }
#fulltext .para .displayedItemText li { overflow: auto; }
#fulltext .poetry { width: 80%; margin: 0px auto 1em; }
#fulltext .poetry p { margin: 0px; text-align: center; }
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#fulltext .poetry ol li { text-align: center; }
#fulltext blockquote.quote { width: 80%; margin: 0px auto 1em; }
#fulltext blockquote.quote .source { font-style: italic; margin: -1em 0px 0px; }
#fulltext blockquote.quote p .source { font-style: italic; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.5em; }
#fulltext .signature .title { font-weight: bold; }
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#fulltext .imageTable .tTitle * { font-weight: bold ! important; }
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